• br Introduction Addiction to opioids

  2021-01-04

  

  Introduction Addiction to opioids such as morphine is a chronic disorder that affects the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway in the brain. Activation of the pathway ultimately leads to dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) (Di Chiara et al., 1998) and stimulation of dopamine recepto

• In this paper we describe

  2021-01-04

  

  In this paper, we describe a facile and universal method for in situ crosslinking of DNA micelles, using spherically directed reduction of metal ions. As shown in Scheme 1A, a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) consisting of a ligand domain, a template domain, and a lipid domain was designed as a monomer t

• Ligand independent constitutively active variants have

  2021-01-04

  

  Ligand-independent, constitutively active variants have also been found in receptors with associated tyrosine kinases. In approximately 60% of patients harboring inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas (IHCAs), these adenomas have been caused by small in-frame deletions in the cytokine-binding domain o

• The cyclin dependent kinase deactivation is carried out

  2021-01-04

  

  The cyclin-dependent kinase deactivation is carried out by a particular group of proteins cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs). These group of proteins blocks kinase activity by interfering with the interaction of cyclin-CDK complex [43]. The inhibition of CDK naturally occurs during a G1 phas

• IL is not expressed in tissues constitutively

  2021-01-04

  

  IL-8 is not expressed in tissues constitutively because of its strong chemoattractant, proinflammatory, and angiogenic activities. Rather, it is an inducible factor, produced by a variety of cell types, including leukocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells, in response to proinflammato

• The objective of the present study was

  2021-01-04

  

  The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of the CRF system in the neuroadaptations associated with nicotine dependence. To this aim, the regulation of the gene expression of CRF and its receptors was assessed in trpv1 antagonist regions belonging to the reward pathway using a

• The importance of mitochondria as site of aerobic oxidation

  2021-01-04

  

  The importance of mitochondria as site of aerobic oxidation of metabolic fuels, such as FA, has been recognized for a long time. It has been observed that the number of mitochondria may vary in response to cellular metabolic requirements and hormonal environment (Gao et al., 2014). In order to susta

• Phenylbenzofurans are a very important

  2021-01-04

  

  Phenylbenzofurans are a very important molecule skeleton due to their synthetic versatility and their proved pharmacological properties [2]. They are synthetic compounds in which an additional phenyl ring is present in any position of the benzofuran nucleus. This could be easily obtained possible by

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Cell

  2021-01-04

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Cell cycle arrest or delay may occur at 3 major checkpoints, i.e. G1/S, intra-S and G2/M. p53 has a central role in controlling the G1/S checkpoint, and its loss or deactivation, occurring in the majority of cancers, forces cancer cells to rely on the S and G2/M ch

• Dose response analysis Fig can

  2021-01-04

  

  Dose response analysis (Fig. 2) can be performed on RI-1 in culture, in tissue, in animals or even in patients. Many different responses can be measured, including mRNA levels, reporter gene activity, gene product (e.g. enzyme) activity or even physiological functions such as inhibition of ovulatio

• br Discussion Variable estradiol effects on cell proliferati

  2021-01-04

  

  Discussion Variable estradiol effects on cell proliferation have been reported according to animal species, tissues, and type of estrogen receptor [16,21,22,[29], [30], [31]]. In the kidney, 17βE was found to increase [3H]-thymidine incorporation in primary rabbit kidney proximal tubule RJR-2403

• br Results and discussion br Conclusions In conclusion

  2021-01-04

  

  Results and discussion Conclusions In conclusion, we have developed rational strategies that allowed us to successfully identify a series of novel analogs structurally related to to modulate the activity of estrogen-related receptors (ERRγ and ERRβ), which are constitutively active. All of th

• In most cases patients will not

  2020-12-31

  

  In most cases, patients will not present immediately after SM exposure because SM-induced clinical symptoms typically occur after a latency period of several hours [8], [9], [10]. When they do present, the detection of free, unbound alkylating agent is highly unlikely. For this reason, available rap

• br Conclusions In conclusion we

  2020-12-31

  

  Conclusions In conclusion, we identified and overexpressed DGAT2 in fast growing, oleaginous N. oceanica for the first time. The engineered N. oceanica overexpressing DGAT2 resulted in enhanced neutral lipid accumulation and altered fatty Sitafloxacin composition. Altogether, our findings demonst

• The fibrillogenesis process of collagen is understood

  2020-12-31

  

  The fibrillogenesis process of collagen is understood to initiate in the extracellular space near the plasma membrane where secretory vesicles form regions of deep invagination. However, it is not clear how and when collagen-binding proteins interact with collagen molecules during fibrillogenesis or

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